Tip Rodolfo Dominguez axis 1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION (Strand 1)
COURSE: 4 th Division: 1 st (Liceo) and 2 ° (ESC 158) - Teacher: Rodolfo Domínguez - SCHOOL YEAR: 2009
1. COVER
2. INDEX
3. INTRODUCTION
4. A.
DEVELOPMENT
technology • technology in the history of computers
• Generations • The technology and its classification
• Branches and technology division
• Definition and conceptual framework of technology
b. The Tic
• Information
• Communication • Basic outline of the communication process
• Basic outline of the communication process
• Differences between information and communication
5. CONCLUSION
6. BIBLIOGRAFRÌA
3.INTRODUCCIÓN
The technology today is very useful to man, because using it can meet many needs. We can also say it is quite complex, which has several branches, one robotics, that helps too. In this paper we will introduce the concept and origin of the technology, together with their characteristics, classification, division branches. In addition develop some issues with it. 4.DESARROLLO
TECHNOLOGY Technology is the set of abilities to construct objects and machines to adapt the environment and meet our needs. It is a word of Greek origin, τεχνολογος formed by tekne (τεχνη, "art, technique or profession") and logos (λογος, "body of knowledge"). Although there are many very different technologies, they often use the singular term to refer to any of them or all together. When it is capitalized, technology can refer to both the theoretical discipline that studies the common knowledge of all technologies, as technological education, school discipline doomed to become familiar with the technologies more important.
technology in history Throughout history technology has made the daily life easier.
the beginning of time, humans built stone carving tools and linking them to a stick and made axes, hoes and other household utensils and hunting.
With the coming of age of metals is greatly innovated technology, the invention of the wheel was a breakthrough in subsequent periods.
With the great chance of discovery, not wanting the possible cultivation of some foods, began to build and use plows were pulled by people, later in the Middle Ages were shot animals such as oxen and horses.
iron and bronze were used to make weapons to hunt and fend off other tribes, everyday utensils such as knives, pots, etc., And tools for growing food.
In the Middle Ages there were great technological innovations derived from the medieval need and lack of labor, the vibrant energy revolution (horses) and lifeless (water and wind).
The major inventions made in the Middle Ages are:
The wind and water mills that were used to grind wheat, grapes, raise water from wells, etc.
The lack of land and water transportation led to innovative techniques of navigation as the caravel, the rudder, compass, etc.
also made great inventions that improved the quality of life as the mechanical clock and glasses, also made the appearance at that time the paper and printing that made it easier for the dissemination of general circulation.
For evil of mankind, the Chinese invented gunpowder, which was a breakthrough for the wars.
In the modern age with the advent of the Industrial Revolution had to do a lot of innovations like the invention of the steam engine that was used in weaving (also one of the great inventions of this time), and especially in the railway One of the major inventions of this century. The steamship is one of the inventions that revolutionized the shipping, which won prestige.
The telegraph revolutionized the world of communications and was very successful.
In the field of science were no major discoveries such as vaccines, optics, chemistry, electricity, thermodynamics, etc.. Today
technology is very advanced as man of this century has managed to reach the moon, as one of its greatest challenges. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
FIRST GENERATION (1951 to 1958) The first generation computers used bulbs for processing information. Operators entering data and programs in special code using punch cards. These computers were much larger bulbs and generated more heat than contemporary models.
SECOND GENERATION (1959-1964) Limited Support Transistor
The invention of the transistor made possible a new generation of computers, faster, smaller and less need for ventilation. The second generation computers also used magnetic core networks instead of rotating drums for primary storage.
THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971) The third generation computers emerged with the development of integrated circuits (silicon chips) which are placed in thousands of electronic components in a miniature integration. The new computers became smaller, faster, gave off less heat and were more energy efficient.
FOURTH GENERATION (1971-1981) Two improvements in computer technology marks the beginning of the fourth generation: the replacement of the memories with magnetic cores, for the silicon chip and the placement of many more components on a chip.
The small size and chip microprocessor made possible the creation of personal computers (PC)
FIFTH GENERATION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (1982-1989) is becoming more difficult identification of the generations of computers, because the breakthroughs and new discoveries will no longer strike us as happened in the mid-twentieth century. Some argue that the fourth and fifth generation are over, and place them between the years 1971-1984 the fourth and fifth between 1984-1990. They believe that the sixth generation is in development since 1990 until today.
TECHNOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION Thompson classified the technology in two basic types:
1. Flexible technology: the flexibility of the technology follows the extent to which machines, technical expertise and raw materials can be used in other products or services. This otherwise it is one that has several different formalities for example, the food industry, automotive, pharmaceuticals, etc.
2. Fixed technology, is one that can not be used in other products or services. You can also say it is one that is not constantly changing for example oil refineries, steel, cement and petrochemicals. However
despite Thompson's classification there are those, which are mentioned below:
• Soft Technology ("soft technology"). It refers to knowledge of such organizational, administrative and marketing excluding technical aspects.
• Equipment Technology. Is one whose development makes the equipment manufacturer and / or raw material supplier, the technology is implicit in the team itself, and generally refers to converting industries such as plastics, textiles and rubber.
• Operation Technology. Is the result of long periods of evolution of knowledge are products of observation and experimentation of years in production processes. In this type of technology is often the impact of computer technology and process, as is sometimes regarded as a mixture of technological constraints.
• Product Technology. It is the knowledge of the characteristics and specifications of a product or service designed in accordance to the needs of manufacturing processes and the market. The specific technology for the manufacture of the product / service, its methods, procedures, design specifications, materials, standards and workmanship. Is the set of knowledge and experience to find out the structure, properties and functional characteristics of a product. • Dura Technology. It is the knowledge that relates to purely technical aspects of equipment, buildings, processes and materials.
• Clean Technology. Term for non-polluting technologies and use resources renewable and nonrenewable natural wisely.
BRANCHES AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION AND DIVISION OF TECHNOLOGY: The technology can be divided into soft technology and hard technologies. This concept of classifying hard and soft technology is not widespread or widely disseminated because there are many knowledgeable and academics who believe that technology can be neither hard nor soft but what if you can fall into hard or Soft is the technological product. The purpose of both types of classification is the same, separately identify the two, the only difference is that one does from calcify to technology and other product classifies obtained from the application of this. We will make reference cone classification technology to explain and differentiate from one another.
Many times the word technology is applied to information technology, microelectronics, lasers or space activities, which are hard.
However, most of the definitions we have seen also allow and include others that are often called soft.
"soft technologies" in which your product is not tangible, aimed at improving the functioning of institutions and organizations to fulfill their goals. Such organizations may be industrial, commercial or services or institutions con o sin fines de lucro. Entre las ramas de la tecnología llamadas blandas se destaca la educación (en lo que respecta al proceso de enseñanza), la organización, la administración, la contabilidad y las operaciones, la logística de producción, el marketing y la estadística, la Psicología de las relaciones humanas y del trabajo, y el desarrollo de software". Este tipo de tecnología se funda en su mayoría en las bases de ciencias blandas como la Psicología, la economía y la administración, esto no quiere decir que no se tengan en cuenta las demás sí que no es tan común; aunque se puede dar un caso como el desarrollo de software en el cual se requiere más de ciencias duras que soft science.
hard technologies are often referred to those that are mainly based on knowledge of hard sciences like physics and chemistry, this without neglecting the other sciences. The other thing is that differences in this case the technology product is a tangible object to deference from the front. Branches
Bionics technology: Bionics is the study of biological systems in order to gain knowledge useful to mankind, etymologically, the word comes from the Greek "bios" meaning life and suffix "ico-ica" which means " on / a "
Bionics named has existed from the beginning of human history, with the creation of tools or devices that help humans to perform better in their environment. We have one of the greatest artists of all time, Leonardo Da Vinci, was inspired by various natural mechanisms to carry out its artificial boundaries, as the rudiments of a first plane, which has many similarities with the wings of a bat, and which there is a sketch, along with some writings where he detailed his observations of birds and some other flying animals.
There are many modern inventions are inspired by biological models, we have the case of Radar inspired echolocation in bats have to avoid collision in the dark, or velcro (use tapes to hold the clothes or shoes) which is based on plants that cling to clothes using hooks, or full body suit for competitive swimmers, the which decreases the friction with the water increasing speed and that is very similar to the skin covering the dolphins. We also have a lot of examples developed by various universities that are inspired by snakes, spiders, roaches, fish and even humans.
Bionics has had great development in countries like Germany, which has courses certified in the same way in different schools.
In Latin America and Spain, there are also with developments of this kind. In Mexico we have established the bionics engineering career in the UPIITA (professional unit interdisciplinary engineering and advanced technology) of the IPN (National Polytechnic Institute) in 1996 which has paid off in creating bionic devices.
Subsequently, given the success of the IPN, UPAEP (Autonomous University of Puebla state) also implements this degree a few years later.
Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering (the IG) is a branch that focuses on the study of DNA, but in order handling. In other words, genetic manipulation bodies with a predetermined purpose.
Through genetic engineering have been modified using large numbers of plants to make them more useful to man, are called transgenic plants. The first plants obtained by these techniques were a type of tomato, in which its fruits mature in a few weeks after being harvested.
Nanotechnology Most people first heard the term "nanotechnology" believes that talks about the techniques included in the term "micro", the technology used in microelectronics and society has changed enormously in recent decades. The relationship is not entirely inaccurate, but it is not accurate.
The micro is the technology that allows us to make things on the micron scale. A micron is one millionth of a meter, or, to get a clearer idea, one thousandth of a millimeter. We all know how much is one meter: more or less the distance between our nose and the tip of our fingers when we extend the entire arm to the side of our body. If we take one-thousandth of this length, we have a millimeter. A millimeter is very small.
memory devices and logic in sales in 1985 were structures with components of approximately micron wide. By 1995, when the appearance of the Pentium, had reached sizes of about one third of a micron, 350 nm. Work is already underway structures 100 nanometers, ie, one billionth of a meter. Conceptual definition
ACTIVITIES
technology http://coleccion.educ.ar/coleccion/CD15/contenidos/actividades/index.html
Research on the web (using search engines on page http://www.polimodalferre suggested. edu.ar/http3w/novedades.htm) each of the concepts in the conceptual scheme of the technology.
basing Explain whether you agree with this conceptualization that defines technology and well educated determined to correspond Polimodal EGB3 or explaining the reason (see the curricula of the Federal Education Act 24,195).
Make a visit to each of the suggested links to educational resources (RESOURCES http://coleccion.educ.ar/coleccion/CD15/contenidos/recursos/index.html) and then perform a conceptual framework that explains that is the
technology Make a report with Introduction, Development, Conclusions and Bibliography (books and Web sites links) Evaluation
1. Regular 3 4 or 5. Buena 7 8 or 9 3. Excellent 10
Those concepts are confusing. Those concepts are correct. Those concepts are sound and well founded. Collaboration
little participation. Participatory collaboration. Active collaboration and participation.
The paper presentation is good. The paper presentation is very good. The paper presentation is excellent.
http://coleccion.educ.ar/coleccion/CD15/contenidos/actividades/index.html
is
consists of
Destined to
De
To improve
ICT: the information technology and communication technologies (ICTs) are a set of services, networks, software and devices that are designed to improve the quality of life of people dentro de un entorno, y que se integran a un sistema de información interconectado y complementario.
Las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, son un solo concepto en dos vertientes diferentes como principal premisa de estudio en las ciencias sociales donde tales tecnologías afectan la forma de vivir de las sociedades. Su uso y abuso exhaustivo para denotar modernidad ha llevado a visiones totalmente erróneas del
Origen del término.
La ciencia informática se encarga del estudio, desarrollo, implementación, almacenamiento y distribución de la información mediante la utilización de hardware y software como recursos de los sistemas informáticos. Más de lo anterior no se encargan technologies as such.
As sociological concept and not refer to computer knowledge necessary to refer to the use of multimedia computer to store, process and disseminate all information, data transmission, etc. for different purposes (educational background, organization and management, decision-making in general
, etc.). Therefore
is no specific object but of those intangible objects for social science. For example democracy, and new technologies of information and communication technologies (ICTs) are two concepts that travel in one direction, while democracy is the spirit of ICTs are methods, resources, freedoms offered Transparency
government procedures. Definition
INFORMATION Information: * According Idalberto
Chiavenato, information is a data set with a meaning, that is, reducing uncertainty or increasing the knowledge of something. Indeed, information is a meaningful message in a given context, available for immediate use and provides direction to actions by the fact of reducing the uncertainty regarding our decisions "[1].
* For Ferrell and Hirt, the information "includes data and knowledge used in decision-making" [2]. * According
Czinkota and Kotabe information "is selected and sorted data for a specific purpose"
* Alvin and Heidi Toffler, in his book "The Revolution of Wealth" we provide the following difference (very understandable) between what is data and what is information: "The data are often described as discrete elements, orphans of context: for example," 300 shares ". When the data are contextualized, they become information: for example," we have 300 shares of pharmaceutical company X '"[4].
* In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, we find that in a general sense, information is "an organized set of data processed, which is a message about a particular entity or phenomenon. "[5].
* The Dictionary of the English Royal Academy, are among several meanings, the following: (Del lat. informatio,-onis). 1. f . Action and result reporting. 2. f. Office where information about something. 3. f. judicial and legal Investigation of an act or offense. 4. f. Tests are done on the quality and circumstances necessary for a person employment or honor. U. m. en pl. 5. f. Communication or acquisition of knowledge that can expand or clarify which have about a particular subject. 6. f. well communicated or acquired knowledge. [6].
At this point, and taking into account the above ideas and definitions, I propose the following definition of information:
"Information is a set of data about some event, fact or phenomenon, organized in a particular context have meaning, whose purpose may be to reduce uncertainty or increase knowledge about something. "
COMMUNICATION. Communication models [edit]
Scheme in a television studio, 180 degrees, points out that reality is seen by the media from different points of view, usually chosen by the issuer.
In a very basic approach, according to Shannon and Weaver model, the factors to be taken to que se considere el acto de la comunicación son:
• Emisor: Es quien emite el mensaje, puede ser o no una persona.
• Receptor: Es quien recibe la información. Dentro de una concepción primigenia de la comunicación es conocido como Receptor, pero dicho término pertenece más al ámbito de la teoría de la información.
• Canal: Es el medio físico por el que se transmite el mensaje, en este caso Internet hace posible que llegue a usted (receptor) el mensaje (artículo de Wikipedia).
• Código: Es la forma que toma la información que se intercambia entre la Fuente (el emisor) y el Destino (el receptor) de un lazo informático. Involves understanding or decoding the information packet being transferred.
• Message: This is what we want to convey.
• Situation or context: the situation or extralinguistic environment which develops the communicative act.
Elements of a communication system [edit]
The main objective of any system is adapted to the communication is to exchange information between two entities. A particular example of communication between a workstation and a server through a public telephone network. Another possible example is the exchange of voice signals between two phones through the same old network. Key elements of this model are:
• Source (sender) ("Source"). This device generates data to be transferred: for example
phones or personal computers. Transmitter Power Syst. Transmission or channel Receiver Destination block diagram generally Destination Source System Theory System of telecommunications
• Transmitter. Transforms and encodes the information, generating
electromagnetic signals that can be transmitted through a transmission system. For example, a modem converts the bit stream generated by a personal computer and converted into analog signals that can be transmitted through de la red telefónica.
• Sistema de transmisión. Puede ser desde una sencilla línea de transmisión hasta una
compleja red que conecte a la fuente con el destino.
• Receptor. Acepta la señal proveniente del sistema de transmisión y la transforma de tal
manera que pueda ser manejada por el dispositivo destino. Por ejemplo, un modem captara la señal analógica de la red o línea de transmisión y la convertirá en una cadena de bits.
• Destino (Destinatario) (“Destination”). Toma los datos del receptor.
Aunque el modelo presentado puede parecer sencillo, en realidad implica una gran complejidad. Para hacerse una idea de la magnitud de ella A brief explanation of some of the key tasks to be performed in a communications system.
• Using the transmission system. It refers to the need to make effective use of resources
used in the transmission, which typically is typically shared between a number of communication devices.
• Implement the interface. For a device can transmit
have to do it through the interface with the transmission medium.
• Generation of the signal. This will be needed once the interface is established, Las
signal characteristics, such as how and intensity should be such that: 1) to be propagated through the transmission medium and 2) be interpreted as data receiver.
• Synchronization. The signals should be generated not only to be met
considering the requirements of the transmission system and receiver, but should allow some way to synchronize the receiver and transmitter. The receiver must be able to determine when to begin and end the received signal. Also, you must know the duration of each signal element.
• Management of the exchange. This is if you need to exchange data over a period of time
, the two parties (sender and receiver) must cooperate. On devices for data processing, certain conventions will be needed in addition to simply connect. Should be established when both devices can communication link Workstation Modem Modem Medium simulcast transmission server or should make them in turn, should decide the number and format of data transmitted each time, and must specify that Where do you get certain contingencies.
• Detection and correction of errors. Is required in circumstances where it can tolerate errors
ie when the transmitted signal is distorted in some way before reaching its destination.
• Flow Control. It is used to prevent the source does not saturate the destination
transmitting data faster than the receiver can process or absorb.
• Addressing and routing. It is used when a resource is shared by
more than two devices, the source system must somehow indicate that share the identity of the destination. The transmission system must ensure that such a fate, and that alone, it receives data.
• Recovery. It is used when a transaction in a database or a file transfer
, is interrupted for any failure, the goal will then either be able to continue broadcasting from where the interruption occurred,
paper What is communication? According to wikipedia:
"Communication is the interaction of people who enter it as a subject. Not only is the influence of one subject to another (though not excluded), but the interaction. For communication requires at least two people, each of which acts as a subject. " According
Lomonosov BF et al: The problem of communication in Psychology page. 89.
"Communication is any process of social interaction through symbols and message systems. Includes any process in which the conduct of a man acts as a stimulus for the conduct of another human being. It can be verbal or nonverbal, interindividual or intergroup. "
E. Pichon. Riviere, "The Process Group of Psychoanalysis to Social Psychology" pag.89. "Communication is the interaction of people entering it as subjects. Not only is the influence of one subject to another, but from the interaction. For communication you need at least two people, each of which acts as a subject. " ZMZorín
in Personality Psychology. "Communication is any process of social interaction through symbols and messaging system. Includes all processes in which the conduct of a human being acts as a stimulus for the behavior of another human being. "
Fernando González Rey, in "Personality and Education" "Communication is a process of social interaction through signs and sign systems that arise as a result of human activity. The men in the communication process express their needs, aspirations, standards, emotions. " Collective
ISP authors Enrique José Varona, Basic Text Professional Communication.
process of transmission of an issuer (A) to a receiver (B) through a medium (C). In the transmission and receipt of this information using a specific code that must be "coded" by the issuer and "decoded" by the recipient. "
Enrique Bernardez "COMMUNICATION" Pretty clarifiers but easier is to understand that communication is not what I say or I say but what the other means, as it explains aide.
The starting point of communication is just what people want to know, need to know and should know it is here where the communication is meaningless
DEFINITIONS OF ICT
Plus Ultra, some ask ICT to reduce IT, or information technology, because all communication is an exchange of information. However, they are reducing "information" to its mathematical definition (probability of occurrence of a signal, SHANNON) and its synonymy with "fact." And he is losing what makes communication real man to share experiences, to leave questions or double meanings, suggest, invite think or do, etc., All of which can be measured as a "probability of occurrence of a signal," but not is a single probability, forgetting that communication is a semi-closed system. Sorry for the detour, but it is important to emphasize all that is involved in ICT.
may exist to least three types of interests that require a definition of ICT:
1. -The interest of the discipline or disciplines involved to justify and define its purpose and objectives central
2. -The interest of a discipline that studies the activity or discipline that is running ICT
3. -The interest of any human activity that seeks to benefit from the technology or have had any influence it
In the first case, the definitions will display the contents of the discipline, as we see in this definition taken from the Commission of the European Europe:
"The information technology and communications (ICT) is a term currently used for refer to a wide range of services, applications and technologies, using various types of equipment and software, and is often transmitted through telecommunications networks. "
[Source: Commission of the European Communities: Communication from the Commission to the Council and European Parliament Information technology and communication in the field of development. The role of ICTs in EC development policy, Brussels, 14.12.2001, COM (2001) 770 final, p.3] Or this one, found in Wikipedia:
"ICT group a set of systems needed to manage information, and especially computers and software necessary to convert, store, manage, transmit and find. The first steps toward an information society dates back to the invention of the electric telegraph, later moving to the fixed phone, the telephony and, finally, television. Internet, mobile telecommunication and GPS can be considered as new information technologies and communication. "
[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnolog% C3% ADas_de_la_informaci% C3% B3n]
are also this wave, a definition that comes from a panel discussion from the viewpoint of social development, which makes me wonder, wonder that immediately explain:
"ICTs include a number of technologies that support communication and information between people:
1) The collection of information, for example by the World Wide Web
2) The storage, processing, analysis and reporting, including different ways to text, data, graphics, photos, audio, such as Word, Excel, Access, Powerpoint, Web Site, Video, Geographical Information Systems, Management Decisions Systems, etc. .
3) The dissemination of information through media (PC, phone, fax, radio, television, video systems) and infrastructure (fixed line network, radiosonde and satellite) "
[http://www.ftpiicd.org/files/publications/countries/Resumen_Mesa_Redonda_TIC_Final.pdf]
is clear that the latter is a enumerative definition, not comprehensive, ie not seek the differentiating element of what is called ICT. In the previous two definitions, there is also something of the same: it refers to products or show evidence of ICT such as computers or services or applications. A definition of this type is equivalent to define religion in the amount of the temples and rituals. And I was surprised because the last because they are not looking in his reality ICT but as a social unit that I use to get a result. Therefore, the development becomes a matter of "energy efficient" and no "surge capacity." In short, all the above definitions are used to describe what we call "TIC", but not defined.
Certainly, there is a hint of definition as it relates "product" (say, computers or software) to "process" (information processing). Here comes the second converging interest in another kind of definition of ICT: what kind of activity or reality is ICT? It is the gaze of the scientist or philosopher who wants to understand why humans called ICT. We start then from the above basic definition of the ICT course, the definition of "Technology." And he defined this way to ICT: "ICT is a technology that is dedicated to information and communication processes." Then we step back and look at the lady of the house and say what ago. The technology shows to be "the application of science" to "improve the processes." It is a fairly broad definition. Wikipedia also agrees
CONCLUSION
technological development areas are very important for Argentina, that country.
Thanks to the various areas that exist today may save the human being working for example
Robotics, we can create robots whether domestic or play.
THE Genetic Engineering allows us to manipulation.
IF THERE ARE THESE AREAS, OUR COUNTRY AND WOULD not advance UPDATED AS FAR AS THIS. FURTHER
these areas, our country would not advance I would not be as current as it is UNTIL NOW! THE ARGENTINE WE HAVE come a long way, THANKS TO WHICH WE ARE ONE OF THE MOST KNOWN FOR OUR COUNTRY technologically advanced.
BIBLIOGRAPHY • Work Arrúa
María Luz - Col Tamara Sanchez - Peraleda Erika - Franco Mancuello
• http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnolog% C3% ADa (technology)
• http://html.rincondelvago .com / technology-in-the-historia.html (technology in history)
• http://www.mitecnologico.com/Main/LaTecnologiaYSuClasificacion (The technology and its classification)
• http://angeli_arraiz.nireblog .com/post/2008/06/06/ramas-de-la-tecnologia (technologies and their branches)
• http://www.geocities.com/Athens/8478/ANDRADE.htm (conceptual diagram technology )
• http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnolog%C3%ADas_de_la_informaci%C3%B3n (Las TIC).
• http://www.degerencia.com/articulo/diferencia_entre_comunicacion_e_informacion (Diferencia entre información y comunicación )
• http://www.slideshare.net/cometa2/esquema-de-comunicacion
